Cognitive function improvement after bilateral carotid endarterectomy. Are low rSO2 values an indication for oxygen therapy?Case Report

M. Horáček

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):123-127  

Many physiological functions including cognition are decreasing with ageing. Cognitive function reduction disturbing functioning in activities of daily living is called dementia. In seniors, performing a cognitive assessment using short screening instruments is strongly recommended during preoperative evaluation. In the case report I describe a case of an 80-year old lady with bilateral carotid stenoses resulting in insufficient brain oxygen delivery with pathologically low rSO₂ values on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and decreased cognitive performance. She underwent carotid endarterectomy on both sides. With oxygen inhalation during...

Regional anaesthesia for shoulder surgery - new trendsReview Article

D. Mach

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):128-134  

This review of anaesthetic techniques used in shoulder surgery is based on considerations of the neuroanatomy of the surgical field and describes the traditional methods in anaesthetic care for patients undergoing shoulder surgery. A particularly detailed section of this article is dedicated to the recent developments in the field, especially to peripheral nerve blockades. An additional focus of this review is optimising postoperative analgesia whilst reducing the risk of the phrenic nerve block and ensuring a minimal upper limb motor impairment in the recovery period. The conclusion section discusses the current trend in anaesthetic care for this...

Významné novinky v dětské traumatologiiHighlights from the literature

J. Drábková

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):134  

Failure of cardiac rhythm analysis by automated external defibrillator in an out-of-hospital cardiac arrestCase Report

Ch. P. Cmorej, E. Smržová, J. Mach

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):135-138  

We present a case study of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, in which analysis by the automated external defibrillator (AED) failed. Defibrillation was performed by the emergency medical service. The authors further discuss the causes of AED failure and its implications for the early defibrillation project in the Ústí Region.

Management of convulsive status epilepticus in childrenReview Article

Š. Aulická, P. Aulický, K. Česká, K. Španělová, H. Ošlejšková

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):139-147  

Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is the most common neurological emergency in children. It is defined as a generalized convulsive seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes. The infantile and particularly neonatal period is the high-risk period for development of GCSE. The most common etiology is febrile status epilepticus. GCSE is divided into four stages: early (5-20 minutes), established (20-40 minutes), refractory (>40 minutes), and super-refractory (>24 hours). A generalized convulsive seizure lasting up to 5 minutes is called impending GCSE. This corresponds with the time in which adequate seizure termination treatment should...

Anaesthetic management of patients with Williams syndromeSpecial article

P. Nosková

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):148-150  

Williams syndrome is caused by a genetic abnormality. The most common symptoms are heart defects and unusual facial features. Patients are known to have increased risk of adverse events during anaesthesia and difficult airway. The article concerns risk assessment and practical anaesthetic management of patients with Williams syndrome.

Corticosteroids in regional anaesthesia and analgesia - state of the artReview Article

J. Lejčko, T. Gabrhelík

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):151-157  

Optimisation of postoperative pain control plays an important role in the outcome of surgery. Various adjuncts have been studied in an attempt to enhance the effect of single injection local anaesthetic peripheral nerve blockade, with varying results. Perineural steroids appear to prolong the duration of analgesia after peripheral nerve blockade with local anaesthetics. Other benefits include decreased perioperative opioid use and nausea. The largest number of data is about dexamethasone. However, corticosteroids are not currently licensed for perineural use in Europe and USA. In spite of the fact, the drug is still widely used for this unlicensed...

Prognózování po náhlé srdeční zástavě - co je nového?Highlights from the literature

J. Drábková

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):157  

Urgent infraglottic airway - cricothyroid puncture, cricothyrotomy and bougie-assisted cricothyrotomy (BACT)Review Article

M. Otáhal, P. Michálek

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):158-165  

Infraglottic needle/cannula insertion and surgical approaches to the trachea are the last resort choices of providing a patent airway, oxygenation and ventilation in patients where conventional techniques have failed. The main indication, especially in anaesthesia, is "can not intubate, can not oxygenate" situation. Infraglottic approaches may be the primary technique of providing patent airways in facial trauma, tumours, swelling, or in military medicine. Teaching and regular training on cadavers or models are key elements in managing these life-saving techniques, especially because their real frequency is extremely low. This review article discusses...

CO₂ a kritický pacient - nové pohledy?Highlights from the literature

J. Drábková

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):165  

Atestační otázky z oboru anesteziologie a intenzivní medicína. Selhání jaterPostgraduate Education - Topics for Board Examination

V. Černý

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):166-167  

"Zdánlivá smrt" - je z pohledu fyziologie možná?Postgraduate education - Selected Topics in Clinical Physiology

Škulec R., V. Černý

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):168-170  

Tracheotomie v intenzivní péči: doporučení francouzského expertního paneluGuidelines

V. Černý

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):171-172  

Pooperační kognitivní dysfunkce seniorů si zasluhuje pozornostHighlights from the literature

J. Drábková

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):172  

Konsenzuální stanovisko Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) ke zvýšení bezpečnosti opioidů používaných pro léčbu nemaligní bolesti dospělých hospitalizovaných pacientůGuidelines

V. Černý

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):173-174  

"The famous eights" in the history of anaesthesiaHistory

J. Málek

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):175-179  

The article provides a basic overview of notable historical events concerning years ending with 8. Five events are mentioned: The first case of an anaesthetic attributed death by chloroform administration in 1848, the first spinal anaesthesia introduced by August Bier in 1898, the first intravenous regional anaesthesia introduced by the same author in 1908, mass production of diamorphine by Bayer in 1898 and introduction of the first modern blood gas analyser by John W. Severinghaus in 1958.

Zajímavosti, tipy a trikyZajímavosti, tipy a triky

V. Černý

Anest. intenziv. Med. 2018;29(3):180-181