Anest. intenziv. Med. 2024;35(1):58-80 | DOI: 10.36290/aim.2024.009
Předoperační lačnění u dětí - Doporučený postup Evropské společnosti pro anesteziologii a intenzivní péčiNew guidelines
- 1 Klinika dětské anesteziologie a resuscitace, Fakultní nemocnice Brno a Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy Univerzity, Brno
- 2 Ústav simulační medicíny, Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy Univerzity, Brno
- 3 Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy Univerzity, Brno
Současná klinická doporučení týkající se lačnění pediatrických pacientů doporučovala po mnoho let, bez výraznějších úprav v posledních desetiletích, konzervativní režim. Aktuální publikace však popisují liberální přístup jako ten, u nějž nebyla zaznamenána u pacientů zvýšená četnost výskytu aspirace nebo regurgitace. Cílem tohoto doporučeného postupu Evropské společnosti anesteziologie a intenzivní péče (European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ESAIC), prvního zaměřeného výhradně na předoperační lačnění dětských pacientů, je předložit souhrnná a na důkazech založená doporučení, která pomohou lékařům, poskytovatelům zdravotní péče, pacientům a rodičům.
Bylo vybráno šest hlavních témat pro rešerši literatury: studie srovnávající liberální a konzervativní režimy, vliv složení potravy, vliv komorbidit, využití ultrazvuku žaludku v klinické praxi, validace využití ultrazvuku žaludku pro sledování objemu žaludečního obsahu a vyprazdňování žaludku, časná pooperační výživa. Rešerše byla provedena profesionálním knihovníkem ve spolupráci s pracovní skupinou ESAIC.
Hlavními výsledky jsou zkrácení doby lačnění po příjmu čirých tekutin na 1 hodinu před výkonem, po kojení na 3 hodiny před výkonem a povolení časného pooperačního perorálního příjmu; s důkazy kategorie GRADE 1C/1B. Dostupné důkazy poukazují na možný přínos využití ultrazvuku žaludku pro klinická rozhodování, a dále, že lehká snídaně může být dobře tolerována, pokud je její příjem kontrolován. Je zapotřebí dalšího výzkumu v těchto oblastech, stejně jako podrobnějšího zhodnocení vlivu specifik jednotlivých pacientů a faktorů souvisejících s terapií na vyprazdňování žaludku.
Received: February 28, 2024; Revised: February 28, 2024; Accepted: March 5, 2024; Published: March 28, 2024 Show citation
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