966
PŮVODNÍ425200011151111173233294355388
PRÁCE839200011151111174230285
/1150200011132
ORIGINAL1208200011158118151213244306367421
PAPER1654200011151107163217278
Prediction4253200974369109156175211240259304349
of7913200974468
difficult876320097456487109130167212231258
venous11513200973978124168213245
access14133200973976111151183215
in16453200971964
adults:17263200973884129148175208225
an19683200973984
analysis20693200973883122141180212231263
of23493200974468
available24343200973977116135155194240260301
scales27523200973168108127168200
and29693200973984130
a311632009738
proposal31713200974673117163209241281300
for3488320097236895
implementation36003200971986132152193260301347373413440459503549
in41663200971863
clinical4246320097365574119138175214234
practice44973200974572112148177196233273
in47873200971863
the48673200972771112
Czech49963200974783124161206
Republic52193200974384130175221241260297
9220820001114591
|343200011126
ANESTEZIOLOGIE4268040010753112155200245290342362425467527586607650
A10988040010753
INTENZIVNÍ1172804001071978123168227276296345405426
MEDICÍNA16198040010770114174195248268328382
/20468040010732
Anest21238040010753101145179208
intenziv235080400107196794137185222241282
Med.26528040010770114164180
2026;37(2):78-932852804001074487128170185230270290333355370412454482526567
/34658040010731
www.aimjournal.cz48358040010765133201214257275349367415463490539579598614654693
the42562001072875119
SAFE56062001074192133173
Rule74962001074592111154
in91962001071966
pre‑hospital100162001074976118147195243276325344371412430
care144762001074081107149
and161262001074188137
emergency1765620010743116160186233277324364406
and218762001074088137
shift23406200107338098122153
operations,250962001074797141167208234253300348381396
in42576001071967
situations5117600107335280128168195214262311344
where874760010765114158184227
immediate112076001071992166210260279319346389
identification152876001071968112160187206230250290331358377425474
of202176001074872
DIVA211276001075878124173
and230476001074189138
the246176001072876120
need260076001074993138188
for28077600107237198
technical42590001072872114163212231272314334
assistance78690001074175109128161191233282324367
are118090001074168112
crucial;131990001074168117159178219238253
(ii)1599900010724436286
structured17129000107346491141182213262289333384
scoring212390001073475123151170219269
using241990001074983101150201
A‑DIVA264790001075380142162209258
(outpatient425104001072469118146196237264283327375402
clinics85110400107405977125144184219
and1093104001074189139
standard1256104001073362103151201242268316
wards)15961040010765106133181214235
or1855104001074875
A‑DICAVE1953104001075380140159211265307350
(emergency2327104001072465139183209257302350390433
departments)2783104001074993425118001074990115146218262309335369389
when8301180010764112155202
a10481180010740
formal110411800107237096169209227
risk134711800107264577114
stratification147611800107336288128155173196215255295322340387435
model19261180010773121170213231
for217311800107237096
initial228511800107186583111129168187
cannulation2487118001074080128174221239279305323371418
failure42513200107246684103150177220
is666132001071952
desired;739132001074993127145171214264279
and1039132001074189138
(iii)11991320010723426079102
the1323132001072776120
DIVA‑CP1464132001075878124173200254299
tool1784132001072874123143
in1948132001071967
oncology2036132001074897137184204252302342
with2400132001076584112160
repeated2581132001072770119164205232274324
peripheral425146001075095121140190239283309351370
chemotherapy.815146001074088132205254281330374400442491531543
The565160001074292136
practical727160001075077119159189208249290309
benefit1062160001075095143188211231259
of1348160001074772
identifying1446160001071968112160187206230273293341390
a18631600010741
DIVA1930160001075878124173
patient2129160001075091118137181229256
is2411160001071952
primarily248916000107507796170211237256275315
to2830160001072875
utilize42517400107487695114132169211
the662174001072776120
option807174001074898125144192241
of1073174001074872
ultrasound‑guided117017400107486795121163196245293341390418470517536585629679
peripheral1874174001075095121141190239283309351370
venous2269174001074184132181229262
access2556174001074181120162196229
insertion2811174001071866425188001073478104135154202251
or,70218800107487587
depending815188001074993143187236285304352401
on1242188001074897
the1365188001072876120
treatment,151218800107275497137164238283331358374
to1912188001072875
insert2013188001071966100144170201
a22401880010741
different230818800107486791119162189231280307
type2641188001072870121166
of2833188001074872
venous425202001074184132180229262
access706202001074182121163197230
instead95620200107196699128171211260
of1236202001074872
a13282020010741
PIVC.1388202001074663110160177
The565216001074292136
implementation718216001071992142161205279323371398440467485533582
of1317216001074872
prediction1406216001075077120170189229259278326375
tools1798216001072874123143176
in1991216001071966
routine2075216001072673121150168216261
clinical235321600107405977125144184225244
practice2614216001075077119159189208249291
in425230001071967
the510230001072776120
Czech648230001075190133174222
Republic888230001074589139187237257275315
is1221230001071952
influenced129123000107186690112159204252292335385
by1694230001074989
several1801230001073377118161188229248
specific2067230001073483128169188212232272
factors.2357230001072365106136183210244261
In2636230001071967
most27212300010773122155184
healthcare425244001074995136156185234276319346390
settings,842244001073580109140160209260294310
peripheral1180244001075097124144195245290318361380
venous1588244001074186135185234268
cannulation1884244001074183133182231250292320340389439
is2351244001071952
primarily243124400107507898174216243263282324
the2782244001072878123
responsibility425258001072771105155205255288307357377396415444487
of939258001074973
general1039258001075095144189216258277
nurses,1343258001074998125159204239255
while16252580010766116135154199
access1851258001074182122165199233
to2111258001072876
ultrasound‑guided221425800107486896124166200249298347397426478526545595640691
cannulation,425272001074082130178225244285312331379427443
the888272001072876120
presence1028272001075077120154198246286329
of1377272001074872
vascular1469272001074182116156204223263290
access1779272001074181120163196230
teams,2029272001072870110184217233
and2282272001074189138
standardized2441272001073362103152201242268316335371414464
escalation425286001074478118160179220247266314363
algorithms814286001074160110158185205233281355388
vary1229286001074082108152
considerably1407286001074087136169187237281307349399419459
between1892286001075095123191235279328
institutions.2246286001071967100129148176225253272320369402419
These2691286001074292136170215
differences42530000107496892119162189232280321363397
may8413000010773114153
limit1013300001071938111130158
the1190300001072876120
transferability132930000107285596144177202246272314363383401420448490
of1838300001074872
some1929300001073482156201
more21493000010774122149192
complex2360300001074087161210230274314
scales2693300001073374115134178212
developed425314001074993133176195244293338388
in830314001071866
other913314001074775123167193
healthcare1123314001074892132151179227267308335377
systems.1517314001073374108137179253286302
The1836314001074291135
absence1988314001074190123168216256298
of2303314001074871
officially239131400107487299119159177217236255295
translated27023140010728559614417742532800107196087129179
and624328001074189138
validated782328001074082101119168209236279329
DIVA1130328001075878124173
prediction1322328001075077120170188229259278326374
tools1716328001072874123143176
further191132800107247399130178222249
underlines2179328001074896145190216236254302346380
the2578328001072876120
need2718328001074892137187
for425342001072472100
systematic552342001073476111140184258300328347388
selection96734200107347999144186217236285335
and1329342001074190140
adaptation1496342001074292134184212255282302351400
of1923342001074973
tools2023342001072976126146179
suited2229342001073482102130174225
to2481342001072875
the2583342001072978123
local2733342001071968110153172
clinical42535600107405977125144184226244
context.689356001074087136162205245275292
From565370001074267115190
the783370001072877122
Czech932370001075291135177226
perspective,1186370001075095123158208254296327346388432447
there1661370001072877122149193
is1882370001071952
an1961370001074291
urgent2079370001074875124169218246
need2352370001074994139190
for2570370001072472100
translation,26973700010728569814718142538400107206291112162213230
cultural684384001074191112142192220264285
adaptation,997384001074294137189218262291311362413430
and1456384001074292144
external1629384001074587119164192243286307
multicentre19653840010775125146176196238283334362391436
validation2430384001074285106126177220249270320371
of2830384001074975
the425398001072877122
most5743980010774123158187
promising789398001075077125200219253271320370
tools,1187398001072875125145178195
including1409398001071968109128176227246295345
the1781398001072877122
development1930398001074994136180199248299374419468496
of2453398001074873
local2553398001071968110152172
care2752398001074183110153
algorithms425412001074160110159186206234283357391
with842412001076585113162
limitations1031412001071938111130159201228248296345379
on1436412001074897
“blind”156041200107267696115163213241
attempts,182841200107416899142216266294330346
defined2201412001074993117138186231281
indications2509412001071967117136177218246265314363396
for42542600107247299
ultrasound‑guided54542600107486796123165199247296345394423475523542591636686
techniques,1252426001072871113161210229278326371405421
and1694426001074190140
a18554260010740
clear1917426001074059103144171
escalation2109426001074478119161180221249268316365
pathway2495426001075092120168233275314
to2830426001072875
midline/PICC425440001077595146166185235281315363382435485
(Peripherally938440001072571115143163215265311339382402422463
Inserted1430440001071969103149177209253305
Central1763440001075397147175203246266
Catheter)/CVC2058440001075295123173219249293320344376427477530
(Central2616440001072476120170198226269289
Venous425454001074687136185234267
Catheter)/TIVAD714454001075294121170215243286313336366413434481530589
(Totally1325454001072470113141182202221261
Implantable1609454001071993143163204252279321371391436
Venous2067454001074688136185234267
Access2357454001075292132175209242
Device).26224540010758103144164205248270283
Implementation425468001071991140159202275318366392433460478525573
should1015468001073380128175194242
go1273468001074996
hand1386468001074787134183
in1586468001071865
hand1668468001074787134183
with1868468001076482110158
point‑of‑care2042468001074997116163190213263287312354394420463
ultrasound252146800107476693120161193241288336384
training425482001072957101121172192242294
programmes748482001075179129181210253330407453489
for1266482001072474103
non‑medical13984820010749100151181259306358378421465485
personnel,1912482001075198127163214265315362382399
since2340482001073454104147192
technical2561482001072873117167217238280324344
availability425496001074181123142161202252272291310339382
and832496001074189139
operator996496001074899144171213241288315
skill133649600107347293112131
are1492496001074168111
key1628496001073882122
to1775496001072875
success.1875496001073481122162204239272290
Current2190496001075198124152195244271
research2487496001072670104148189216255304
by2816496001075089
Pratec425510001074571113141183225
et667510001074472
al.75751000107406076
shows850510001073482130196230
that1097510001072876117145
the1259510001072877121
use1398510001074780125
of1540510001074873
imaging1630510001071992133183202250300
technologies1947510001072871112161209258278326377396440474
–24385100010745
particularly2500510001075092119150169210258277318345364405
ultrasound42552400107486796123165199247296345394
–8395240010745
significantly904524001073452102150169194214255297345372392432
increases1356524001071967108135179219253298332
cannulation1708524001074082130179227246287315334382431
success2159524001073481122161204238272
rates245152400107276996139173
in2644524001071967
DIVA2731524001075878125174
patients425538001075092119139183231259294
on744538001074897
the866538001072776121
very1012538001074084111154
first119153800107244471106135
attempt135153800107416899142216266294
and1670538001074189139
reduces1834538001072770121169210252287
the2145538001072877122
number2291538001074997170221266293
of2609538001074872
failed270653800107236685104149199
punctures.425552001075098147188219267294337372389
These832552001074292137171216
data1066552001074990118160
support1244552001073481131182231259290
the1553552001072776121
necessity1692552001074893135178212246264293336
of2046552001074873
routinely2137552001072774123152171219264284324
introducing248055200107186794121169219267308327376425
modern4255660010774123173218245294
assistive742566001074074108127160189208250294
technologies1058566001072871113161210258279327378397441475
during1556566001074997123143191241
cannulation,1820566001074082130179227246287315334382431447
because2290566001075095137179227260305
without2617566001076585113162211260288
them,425580001072877121195211
the660580001072877122
likelihood80658000107193876119139158206255304355
of1185580001074873
failure128258000107236685104152179222
is1528580001071952
significantly1604580001073453102151170194214255297345373392433
higher2061580001074867117165210237
in2322580001071867
DIVA2413580001075878125174
patients2611580001075092119139183231259294
[14].4255940010926691111365605940010716
Recognizing596594001074690132179229278297334354402452
DIVA1068594001075978125174
risk126359400107264679117
is1401594001071852
also147359400107416093142
considered1636594001074087136169188238282309352403
key2059594001073882122
by2202594001074989
the2311594001072877122
INS2453594001071977118
(Infusion259159400107244392115165198217265315
Nurses4256080010757104130164207241
Society),682608001074289130149192219262284297
particularly996608001074990116147165205252271311337357396
in1409608001071866
patients1491608001074990117136179227253288
with1795608001076483111159
a19716080010740
history202760800107486699127174200243
of2286608001074871
repeated2374608001072669118162202228270320
failed271160800107236483101145194
punctures,425622001075098147188219267294337372388
obesity,838622001074899144178197226269281
chronic1144622001074089116163212231272
disease,1441622001074969102146187221265280
or1747622001074875
poor1848622001074999148176
visibility/palpability.204962200107416194113163182202220249292322369411431481523573592612630659702714
For2789622001074189116
DIVA425636001075878125174
prediction,622636001075077120171190231261281329378394
they1039636001072877121161
recommend1223636001072770112159233307352401451
using1696636001074882100149199
validated1917636001074183102121171212240283333
assessment2273636001074175108153187221295339388415
tools,2711636001072875124145178194
available425650001074283127147167209261282328
EMR7816500010743116163
(Electronic97365000107246888134177209237286337357399
Medical14006500010772118170190232276296
Records),1724650001074793136185213264298321335
and2088650001074292143
vein2260650001074287107157
visualization244565000107426397146188209228267311340360410461
technology425664001072871113161210259279328378419
(ultrasound,87266400107236988117144186220269318366416432
NIR1332664001075777122
–14826640010745
Near15546640010757102143170
Infrared175166400107196891120162189232283
Light),2061664001074060110158186210224
as2312664001074175
they2414664001072876121161
improve2603664001071892142170218258302
first‑attempt42567800107244674110141167210239272317394446475
success929678001073585127168213249284
and1242678001074393145
reduce1416678001072873125175218263
complications1708678001074291168220241261304348377397448499534
in2271678001071970
DIVA2370678001076081130181
patients.2580678001075195124145191242270307326
Special425692001074291137178197238258
attention70669200107416899142191218237286335
is1064692001071952
paid1140692001074992111160
to1324692001072775
the1422692001072876121
creation1566692001074168111152179198247296
of1885692001074873
Vascular1981692001074686119160209228269296
Access2300692001075393132175209243
Specialist2566692001074292137179198238258277310339
Teams425706001074383125202237
(VAST).690706001072576126171217246260
The979706001074395141
INS1149706001071979121
emphasizes12997060010745121173224267302321360405440
competent1768706001074190167218265295339390418
personnel,2215706001075198126162212263313360380397
regular2640706001072772125174195237265
professional425720001074976123146189223256274322370410429
preparation,871720001074976118168209235276303322369418433
and1321720001074088137
simulation1475720001073351124171189230257275323371
training,186372000107275495114161180227276292
since217172000107345299139182
caring2369720001074081107126174223
for260972000107237097
adult2723720001074089136155182
DIVA425734001075878125174
patients620734001074991119138182231258294
requires934734001072770121169188214258292
highly1247734001074867116165184225
specialized1492734001073484129171190230250269306349400
skills191273400107347293112131164
[13].209773400109266911013422297340010716
Recommendations565748001074794138187265342389440493536565586637689724
are1329748001074270116
also148474800107426398150
presented1673748001075180126162209260289335388
by2100748001075193
other2232748001075079130177206
professional2477748001075281131157203239275295346398425762001074262
authorities,514762001074292121171221249269299319364399416
e.g.,957762001074561112129145
the1130762001072878124
AVATAR1282762001075497147185233280
Group1590762001075786134184235
(Alliance185376200107257999118138179229271315
for2196762001072473101
Vascular2325762001074788122165214234276303
Access2656762001075495135179214249
Teaching425776001074384126169219239289341
&7847760010752
Research)854776001074693128175217245286337360
which12467760010767118138180230
promotes1508776001075280130207258287332367
an1907776001074293
“umbrella”2032776001072775152204232277298318361388
overview2452776001075092137166212233279347
of2831776001074975
international30476200107196794136163211252279298346395435454
guidelines352462001074997115164208228246294338372
in391962001071866
venous400862001074184132181229262
access429262001074182121163197230
and454562001074189138
emphasizes4706620010744117167216256290308344387421
the515062001072876120
implementation5293620010719921411612053047760010772115162187227253271318365
of342776001074770
ultrasound‑guided35127600107466491117157189236282329377404453499517564607655
cannulation418376001073979125172218236275301319365412
as461076001074072
the469776001072874117
preferred482976001074975116139181206232274322
strategy51667600107336187127153194242281
in546276001071965
DIVA,304790001075877124172189
and325390001074189138
the340790001072876120
use354490001074780124
of368590001074871
algorithms377390001074160109157184203231279352385
for41749000107247198
the428990001072876120
correct442590001074087113140183224255
indication469690001071967116134174216243261309358
of507090001074872
peripheral515890001075095121140190238282308350369
(including304710400107244290131150197246265313362
midline)3430104001077492142161179227271292
vs.374310400107417592
central3856104001074082130157184226245
access4122104001074081120162196229
with4372104001076584112161
an4554104001074189
emphasis46641040010743117166215256289307340
on5025104001074897
preserving5143104001074976119153197223267287335384
vessel3047118001074184117151195214
quality3278118001074996137156174202245
(“vessel353911800107245091134168201246265
health3820118001074993133152180228
&40631180010751
preservation”)4129118001075077120154198224268310337355403452477504
[15].464911800109266910913547831180010716
The4815118001074292136
effectiveness496811800107436794138179209228269312360404438471
of5456118001074872
predictive3047132001075077120170188229259278319362
tools,3428132001072874123143175191
the3638132001072876121
use3777132001074881125
of3921132001074872
ultrasound401213200107486795121163196245293341390
as4421132001074174
a45141320010741
preferred4574132001075076119143187213240283333
method49261320010774118146194243293
for523813200107237198
DIVA5355132001075877124172
patients3047146001074989116134176223249283
including3345146001071966105123169217235282330
systematic3691146001073373105134175247287313331370
training407614600107285494112159176223271
in4363146001071865
ultrasound444314600107476693118159191238285332380
techniques,4839146001072768109155202220268314357390405
and5259146001074087135
the5410146001072774117
necessity3047160001074892134176210243261289332
of3402160001074872
further349716000107247399130179223249
research3770160001072669103147187213252300
are4094160001074167110
highlighted4227160001074867116164183201250299325368418
by4668160001075089
the4781160001072776120
current4924160001074088114141184233259
literature520716000107193765108134176203251277320
review3047174001072770110130173238
by3305174001075089
Dewi34141740010758103168187
and3621174001074189138
Astrid3779174001075287116143162212
[16].401117400109266911113641451740010716
The3187188001074292136
implementation3344188001071992142161205279323371398440467486534582
of3948188001074771
predictive4041188001074976119169188228259277319362
scales4424188001073474116135179212
into465818800107186693140
the4819188001072876120
clinical496118800107405977125144184225244
environment522718800107439113115017722427230472020010774118166193
can3261202001074081130
lead3411202001071963104153
not3585202001074897124
only3730202001074896115155
to3906202001072875
a40012020010741
reduction4063202001072770120167208238257305353
in4437202001071967
the4525202001072876120
number4666202001074896169219264290
of4977202001074872
unsuccessful5070202001074896129176216255298331365389438457
venipunctures3047216001074184132151201249297338368416443486520
and3593216001074189139
related375821600107267089130157199250
complications,4034216001074087161211230249289331358377425474507523
but4583216001075099127
also473621600107416093141
brings490321600107507797145194227
a51562160010741
medico­52242160010773118168187227274303
‑economic3047230001072773114161209258332351391
benefit3456230001075094143187211230258
by3732230001075090
reducing3840230001072669119167207226274323
staff4181230001073463104128155
workload,43542300010765113140178199247288338353
material47252300010774115142185211230271290
costs,5033230001074086120149184200
and5251230001074189138
the5407230001072876120
time3047244001072846118162
needed3225244001074891135184228277
to3518244001072874
secure3608244001073376117164190232
venous3856244001074083130178225258
access.4130244001074080118160193226242
The4388244001074291134
ALCOV4538244001075292140196241
study4795244001073361109157197
points5008244001074997116163189224
out5248244001074795122
that5386244001072875115142
DIVA3047258001075878124173
patients3245258001075092119138181230256291
represent3562258001072770119146189223267315342
a39302580010741
significant3997258001073351101149167191211251293341367
economic4390258001074485132180229303322362
burden4778258001074998124172216264
due5068258001074997141
to5235258001072774
more53352580010774122149192
frequent304727200107245194144192236284311
complications,3385272001074086161210230248289330357376424473506522
repeated3933272001072770120165205232275325
procedures,4284272001075077124165208258306332375409425
and4735272001074189139
delayed4900272001074993112153192235285
initiation521227200107186685113132172199218266315
of3047286001074873
treatment,314628600107285699140167242287335363379
underscoring3552286001074897147191218253294341369388437487
the4065286001072877122
need4214286001074893138189
for443028600107237299
systematic4556286001073475110139182256298325344385
prediction.4968286001075077121171190231262281330379395
The5390286001074293137
introduction304730000107196794120167217265305336355403451
of3521300001074771
a36153000010741
standardized3678300001073463104152201242268317335372415465
algorithm4165300001074160109158185204232280354
based4541300001075091125169219
on4782300001074897
a49013000010741
predictive4964300001075077120170189229259278319362
scale5349300001073374115134178
can3047314001074081129
therefore3192314001072876120146189212260287329
mean35383140010773117157205
not3759314001074896123
only3899314001074896115155
increased4070314001071966107133176215249292342
patient4429314001074991117136180227254
safety470031400107337598141169211
and4928314001074088137
comfort,5082314001074086160183230257288304
but5402314001075098126
also304732800107416092141
more32073280010774123150193
efficient341932800107446895115155174218266293
use3731328001074881125
of3876328001074872
healthcare3967328001074993133152180228269310337379
facility4366328001072466106125144162190233
resources4619328001072669103151199226265307341
[17].498032800109266910813551143280010716
Recommendations304735200153811432022673704755346076777427938338989711025
for40953520015348112172
Future42893520015370145195267329390
Research47023520015381143197258321384443516
In3047370001071967
the3130370001072876120
future,3267370001072372100148174217232
we35153700010765108
consider3640370001074087135168186235279305
the3962370001072876120
following409937000107237190109157221240288337
as4453370001074174
priorities:454337000107507796144171190218237280314329
(1)488937000107236381
Translation4986370001074263104152185204244271290338386
and5389370001074189138
transcultural304738400107275394141173212259277304351377417436
external3498384001074382112153179226266284
multicentre37983840010773119137164182222263310336362404
validation421738400107418199117165205231249296343
of4576384001074770
all466238400107405976
the4754384001072775118
above‑mentioned4887384001074189137176218246320363410436454501548591640
tools;3047398001072874123143176190
(2)325839800107236688
Development33673980010758102143186206254304378422470497
of3884398001074872
unified,3977398001074795114138158201251267
clinically426439800107405978125144184226245263303
derived4587398001074993120139180223273
cut‑off4881398001074087116140190214241
values5143398001074082101148192226
and5389398001074189138
risk304741200107264577113
categories3176412001074080106148197244270289332365
for355641200107247096
scales3668412001073373113132175207
that3891412001072875115141
lack404841200107185898135
them,4198412001072875118190205
including4419412001071965105123170218236283331
prospective4766412001074975121154202246286315334374416
testing5198412001072769101130148195243
of5457412001074770
the3047426001072876120
impact3183426001071992142183224254
on3453426001074897
care3566426001074081108151
outcomes3733426001074896124162209283327360
(initial411042600107244290108136155195214
cannulation4341426001074081129177224243283310329377425
success4783426001073380121159201235268
rate,506842600107266895137152
extravasation,52364260010744831141401822212633047440001073374101119166214229
pain,3292440001074990108155170
treatment347844000107285496135162235278326352
delay3846440001074891110150188
time);4050440001072846118162183196
(3)426244000107246586
Consideration4364440001075196144177194243286312353379398445493
of4872440001074871
methodological49594400010773117144191239288336355402451470509550568
adjustment3047454001074294114163198228305351401429
of3504454001074975
DIVA‑CP:3607454001076080129179208264311327
converting3962454001074190141182227255287307357409
binary4399454001075171121163191236
items466345400107194993170204
to4895454001072978
ordinal5001454001074977127147197240260
scales,5289454001073477120140186221238
using3047468001074881100148197
appropriate3271468001074191141168216266293313353381423
correlation3721468001074087114142185204245273292340389
techniques,4136468001072871113161209228277325369403419
and4582468001074189139
more47484680010774122150193
comprehensive4967468001074188162212239282331375424457476517560
verification3047482001074183110129152172212253280299346395
of3458482001074872
internal354648200107196693135161210250269
structure;383248200107336288136177207254280323338
(4)418648200107246586
Implementation4289482001071992141161204277321369396437464482530578
studies4884482001073362110159177221254
evaluating5155482001074383125143190231258276324373
the3047496001072876120
cost‑effectiveness3191496001074087120149174220243271314355386405446489537581615648
of3863496001074872
algorithms3958496001074160109158185204232280354387
that4368496001072876117144
combine4536496001074086161210229277321
screening/scoring4881496001073474101144188237255303352385416456503530549597646
with3047510001076584112161
limits3225510001071938111130158193
on3435510001074897
the3550510001072776120
number3688510001074895169218263290
of3995510001074872
attempts408551000107416899141215264292327
and4429510001074189139
an4586510001074088
approach4692510001074191141168215256297345
utilizing505551000107477694113131168187235285
early5357510001074484110130170
ultrasound‑guided304752400107486896123166200249298347397425477526545595639690
cannulation;3764524001074183132180229248289317336385434449
and4240524001074190140
(5)440752400107246791
Inter‑rater452452400107206896139166191219261289332359
reliability491052400107277190109150200220239258287330
studies5267524001073463112162181226260
among30475380010741114163212261
novice3328538001074896137156196239
and3586538001074189139
experienced3744538001074484134179205225268316357399450
nurses.4213538001074896122157201234251
Conclusion30475620015377143216273313385438479544617
This3047580001074394114148
study3223580001073464114165207
confirms3458580001074189140164185212289323
that3809580001072979121149
there3986580001072878124152197
is4210580001071954
no42915800010750100
unified4419580001074998118143164209261
“gold4708580001072774124145196
standard”4932580001073464107157208251278328357
for5316580001072574102
all544658000107426181
clinical304759400107405876123141181222240
environmental3303594001074391129148174220268341384432458499517
and3836594001074188136
situations398959400107335178125165192210257305338
.43435940010715
At4374594001075278
the4468594001072875119
same4603594001073374147190
time,4809594001072846118162176
it5001594001071946
confirms5063594001074086134156176201275307
that5386594001072875115142
early3047608001074484110130170
prediction3242608001075077120170189229259278326375
and3642608001074189139
ultrasound‑guided380660800107486795122163197245293341391419470518536585629679
cannulation4511608001074082130178225244285312331379427
as4964608001074174
a50646080010741
first513060800107244470104133
choice5289608001074088137156196238
are3047622001074167110
consistently3183622001074087135168187219248291339366385425
establishing3634622001074377106147197217235268316334382431
themselves4091622001072876120194227271291332375408
for452562200107247198
adult4649622001074191138157185
DIVA4860622001075877124172
patients.5058622001075091119137181229256291308
The5392622001074191135
selected304763600107347898142184215257308
scales3382636001073374116135180214
(A‑DIVA,3622636001072477104165184231280298
EA‑DIVA,3946636001074397124185204251300318
A‑DICAVE,4290636001075381141161213267310353369
DIVA‑CP)4686636001075978125174201256301324
and5036636001074190140
the5202636001072877121
SAFE5350636001074294136177
Rule3047650001074593112156
provide3227650001075077124164184233277
a35286500010741
usable3593650001074881122172192236
framework385365000107235193166210275323350389
for426665000107237198
screening4388650001073374101144188236255303352
and4764650001074189139
risk492765000107264678116
stratification,506765000107346389131158177201221261302330348396445461
but3047664001074996123
require3186664001072668117163181206248
local3450664001071966106146164
translation,363066400107275394140172190230256274321369383
cultural4029664001073986104131178204244262
adaptation,4307664001074088128176203243269287334382397
and4719664001074087135
external4870664001074382111153178226266284
validation.516966400107408199117164204230248295343358
Consensus3047678001075198147180224272305352385
across3454678001074182108155189222
international369867800107196794136163212252279298346395436455
authorities4175678001074188116165213240259287306350384
points4581678001075099118166192227
towards4830678001072875140181208256289
algorithms5141678001074160109157184203232280353386
limiting3047692001071937111129158176224274
blind334269200107496987135185
attempts,354769200107416899142215265292327343
rapid3911692001072768118137186
escalation4118692001074477118159178219246265313362
to4501692001072774
the4596692001072876120
creation4737692001074067110150177196244292
of5050692001074872
a51436920010741
“Vascular5205692001072675115148189236255296322
Access3047706001075392131173207240
Specialist3311706001074291136177196236255273306335
Team”,3670706001074180120194219229
and3923706001074189138
a40857060010740
rational414970600107276895114162211251270
choice4443706001074088137156196238
of4705706001074872
vascular4800706001074183116156204223264290
access5114706001074081120162196229
with5367706001076584112160
an3047720001074190
emphasis31647200010744119169218260294312346
on3536720001074998
vessel3661720001074185119153198218
health3906720001074893134153182231
&41537200010751
preservation.4220720001075178122156201228272315342362410460476
Implementation4723720001071994144164209283328377405447474494542592
must53417200010775123157186
be3047734001075095
built3162734001074998116135163
on3345734001074896
staff3461734001073463104128155
competency,3636734001074087161210255283326374414457468
measurement41247340010774118158192239265308382426474501
of4645734001074872
quality4737734001074896137156174202245
indicators,5002734001071866116134175216243290317351367
and5389734001074189138
technology3047748001072873115165215265285335387429
availability3504748001074283126145165207258279298318347391
(US/NIR).3923748001072482123156216236283307321
In4272748001071969
the4369748001072878124
Czech4521748001075292137179229
context,4778748001074189139167212253285302
the5107748001072979125
already525974800107426289134175226268
ongoing3047762001074795143190209256304
translation336776200107275394141173191231257275322370
and3752762001074188136
validation390476200107408199117165204231249296344
of4263762001074771
the4349762001072875118
most44837620010773120153181
promising4680762001074975121194212244261308356
tools5052762001072873121140172
(A‑DIVA,5239762001072475101160179224271288
SAFE3047776001074294135176
Rule,3242776001074693112156171
and3433776001074088138
A‑DICAVE)3591776001075279139158210264306349374
is3985776001071851
a40567760010741
realistic4116776001072770110129147180209228268
step4404776001073362105155
forward.457877600107247198166208234282298