1022
PŮVODNÍ425200011151111173233294355388
PRÁCE839200011151111174230285
/1150200011132
ORIGINAL1208200011158118151213244306367421
PAPER1654200011151107163217278
Ultrasound425320097527198125164196241286331377
assessment8193200973870102144176208275316361388
of12243200974468
diaphragmatic13093200974564103149194221260306373412439458495
movement182032009767112150190258299344371
post22083200974591123151
selective2375320097327393134171200219258298
superior26903200973276122164191210255282
trunk2989320097275398143181
block31873200974666110148185
versus33893200973979106139183215
conventional36213200973680125163203248274294338383423442
interscalene4080320097196390130157190227267286327372413
block45103200974666110147185
in47123200971964
shoulder47933200973176121166185231272299
arthroscopy5109320097396595139166210243279323369407
1221620001113682
|343200011126
ANESTEZIOLOGIE4268040010753112155200245290342362425467527586607650
A10988040010753
INTENZIVNÍ1172804001071978123168227276296345405426
MEDICÍNA16198040010770114174195248268328382
/20468040010732
Anest21238040010753101145179208
intenziv235180400107186693136184221240281
Med.26528040010770114164180
2025;36(1):8-142852804001074487128172185229273296336354368412441479518
/34158040010732
www.aimjournal.cz48358040010765133201214257275349367415463490539579598614654693
between42562001074993119185227271318
two75862001072894140
groups91362001074874120167215247
normally117662001074794120193232250268307
distributed14986200107496698126152170218265293334383
having189662001074887126144191239
quantitative215062001074895134181207225252292318336376418
variables.258362001074081106125164212231274306322
Mann‑Whitney425760010770111159207235308357375403452496535
test97776001072870104133
(U)112676001072480103
was1246760010765106140
used140276001074881125175
for15937600107247198
comparison170876001074087161210251278297330378426
between215176001075094122190233278326
two249376001072895143
groups265376001074875122170219253
not42590001074998126
normally57890001074898125200242261280321
distributed92690001074968101131158178228277306349400
having135390001074990130150199249
quantitative162990001074997139188215234263305332352393437
variables.209390001074183110130171221241286320337
A2457900010754
P2537900010746
value261090001074183103151195
of283290001074973
<4251040010754
0.05498104001074460104147
was6651040010765106139
considered824104001074087135168187236280306349399
statistically1243104001073463104131150183212230271312331350390
significant.1652104001073452101149168192212252293341368385
Results4251280015381143197270311362415
A4251460010753
Consolidated494146001075198146179227247265314354381424474
Standards984146001074268109157206247273321354
of1354146001074872
Reporting1442146001074690139188215246264312361
Trials182014600107416282122141173
(CONSORT)2009146001072474131189229289335378405
flow243114600107234593158
chart2605146001074088129155186
for280714600107247198
patient425160001075091119137181229256
enrollment,707160001074492119166185204277322370397413
allocation,114616000107416079127168210237256304352368
and1540160001074189139
analysis1705160001074189130149189223241274
was20051600010765106140
presented2171160001075077120153197246273315365
in2562160001071967
(Fig.265516000107246584133149
1).283016000107446275
The425174001074395141
trial59317400107295777119139
involved760174001071969110159180223268320
seventy‑five1107174001073581123168218246291319345366408453
patients.1588174001075194123143188238266303320
Seven1936174001074389131176226
patients2190174001075195123143188238266303
refused252117400107277196147182228279
to2828174001072977
participate,425188001075092118150169209228278320347390404
and856188001074189139
sixty‑eight102118800107345392123166193240259308356383
patients1431188001075092119138182231258293
successfully1750188001073481122161204238271297346365384424
completed2200188001074188162212232276304347397
the2624188001072876121
trial277118800107285575115134
after42520200107406394136161
having602202001074888127145192241
provided859202001074975121160179227271320
a11952020010740
written1251202001076490109136166208255
informed152220200107186588135161234277326
consent.1864202001074086133166209256282298
They2178202001074190133172
were23662020010764107132174
separated2556202001073377125166192233259301350
equally425216001074392139179198216255
into69621600107196692138
two850216001072894141
groups:1007216001074975121168217250265
(ISB)128821600107234181125147
group1451216001074874120168217
and1684216001074087136
(STB)1836216001072463106152173
group.2025216001074975121169217232
The2273216001074291134
demographic2423216001074992165212262287328377425443483
characteristics425230001074088129155197237268310337356389418436477512
showed956230001073482130195238288
similarity1264230001073452125144163203230249277319
between1603230001075095123190234278327
the1949230001072876120
groups.2089230001074975123171220254271
(Tab.2379230001072469104154169
1).256823000107446174
There565244001074291134160203
was7842440010764105138
a9382440010741
significant99524400107335199147165189208248289336362
difference137424400107486690117160186228276316358
between1748244001074994121188231275322
the2086244001072876119
two2221244001072895142
groups2379244001074974121169217250
regarding2646244001072668118158184231425258001071967116
the557258001072876120
occurrence694258001074889127175201228271319360402
of1113258001074771
hemidiaphragmatic1201258001074892166184233252292341390416458507580621648667707
paralysis,1924258001075091118159178218252270303318
which22592580010765113132172220
was24952580010765107140
greater2651258001074976118158185228254
in425272001071966
the508272001072876120
ISB644272001071960104
group764272001074975122170220
than1000272001072876116164
in1181272001071966
the1264272001072776120
STB1400272001074285132
group1548272001074975122170219
(76.5%1784272001072467107123168232
vs.203227200107417591
38.2%)2140272001074487103149214236
(P2392272001072469
value2477272001074182101148192
0.001).2686272001074459103149188206219
Moreover,4252860010770119146188237278321347359
the802286001072876120
degree940286001074993143169212257
of1214286001074872
movement13042860010774122162206279323372398
was17202860010765106140
completely1877286001074087161211230274302345364404
affected229828600107416592136177207250300
in2616286001071866
44.1%2700286001074491106144205
of425300001074872
the520300001072876120
ISB663300001071960104
group790300001074975122170220
compared1033300001074087161210252278321371
to1427300001072875
11.8%152530000107437889134201
of1749300001074872
the1844300001072776120
STB1987300001074285132
group2142300001074975122170220
(P2385300001072469
value2477300001074082101148192
0.002)2692300001074459104149191213
(Tab.425314001072469104154169
2).61831400107446680
The722314001074292136
procedure882314001075077124165208258305331374
duration1281314001074996123164191210258307
(min)1612314001072495114162183
was18203140010765106139
significantly1984314001073351101149167191211251293341367387427
higher2435314001074867116164208235
in2694314001071967
the2785314001072876120
STB425328001074184131
group572328001074975121169218
than806328001072876116163
in986328001071866
the1068328001072875119
ISB1203328001071959103
group1322328001074975122169218
(6.97±0.67)155732800107236581122163212257272316357381
vs.195432800107407490
(6.48±0.69),206132800107236581124169221265280324367389402
respectively2479328001072769102151195236266285325368387427
(P425342001072467
value50834200107408199145188
=7123420010753
0.008).780342001074358101146190212224
There1020342001074189133158200
was12363420010764104137
no1388342001074895
significant149934200107335098145163186205244285332358
difference187234200107496790116159184226273313354
between2242342001074993120186228272319
the2576342001072875118
study2710342001073361108156195
groups425356001074975122171220254
regarding696356001072770120160187235254301351
block1064356001075070118159197
onset1278356001074897130174202
or1497356001074875
motor15903560010773122149196223
block1830356001075069118159197
duration2044356001074997123165192210258307
(P2369356001072368
value2455356001074182101148192
>26653560010753
0.05)2736356001074459104147169
(Tab.425370001072469104153169
3).61037000107446578
There705370001074291135162204
was9263700010765106139
no1082370001074897
significant1195370001073452101149167191211251292340367
difference157937000107496791118162188231279319362
between1957370001075095123190233278326
the2300370001072776120
study2436370001073463111160200
groups2653370001074975122170219253
regarding425384001072669118158184231250297346
the787384001072775118
mean9213840010773117157204
blood1141384001074969116164214
pressure1371384001074976118151184230256298
and1685384001074188137
mean18383840010773117156204
heart2058384001074891131157187
rate226138400107266794136
(Fig.241338400107246482131146
2,2575384001074459
3),265038400107436477
time2743384001072846118162
to425398001072874
the521398001072877121
first66439800107234369104133
call819398001074081100119
of960398001074872
analgesia,1054398001074189129148198242275294334350
and1426398001074189138
intraoperative158639800107196794121162210261305332374401419461504
fentanyl2112398001072367115142183231270290
consumption2424398001074086135168215289338366384432481
(P425412001072469
value517412001074183102149193
>7344120010753
0.05)811412001074459103146169
(Tab.1004412001072469104154169
3).119641200107446579
No12984120010758106
significant1428412001073351101149167191211251293341368
complications1819412001074087161210230249289330357376424473506
were23484120010765109135178
observed.2550412001074898131176202246289339355
Two4254260010742101149
patients598426001075092119137181229256291
in913426001071967
the1004426001072876120
ISB1149426001071959103
group1277426001074975122170220
developed1521426001074993134177196244294339389
hand1935426001074888137186
grip214542600107497595144
weakness23134260010765109149187237281315348
which26854260010765114132173221
resolved425440001072770103152171212255305
completely750440001074087161210230274302344364404
121173440001074482
hours1275440001074896144171205
after150044000107416496138165
the1684440001072876121
block.1824440001075070118159197215
Discussion4254640015382123178237310363418459524597
Our4254820010760109135
investigation578482001071966106149183212231280320347366414463
revealed1058482001072770110154194213257307
that1382482001072876117144
the1543482001072876121
administration1681482001074190164182230249281310337379406425473521
of2220482001074872
local2309482001071967109150169
anesthetics2495482001074189133167196244289316335375410
to425496001072977
the530496001072979125
superior683496001073483134181209229279308
trunk1018496001072957107157197
selectively1243496001073480101147190221241284329349391
results1662496001072772107156176205242
in1931496001072070
a20284960010742
reduced2098496001072872124174216260312
incidence2438496001071969111131182228278320365
of2831496001074974
diaphragmatic425510001074866105153200225265313385424450468507
paralysis947510001074989115155173212244262293
when12555100010764111154201
compared1471510001073985157205245270312360
with1847510001076382109155
conventional2018510001073984131169211258284302348395435453
interscalene248651000107186590132157190229269287330377419
blocks.425524001075070119161199236253
However,7055240010757106172216257301328340
both10725240010750100127176
blocks1275524001075070119161199236
provide1538524001075077125166186235280
equivalent1845524001074494143162203245265309358385
analgesic2257524001074190131151200245279298339
efficacy262352400107446896116156198240283
without425538001076584112161209257285
obvious730538001074898138158206254287
side1037538001073351101145
effects.120153800107446895139180210245262
The565552001074394140
traditional733552001072956100151171200220269320362382
interscalene114355200107196997141168204246289309355405451
approach1621552001074294145174222266308357
of2006552001074974
brachial2108552001075179122165214234276296
plexus2431552001075172118159209243
block2702552001075171121164203
represents425566001072770119146189223267315342377
a8275660010741
good894566001074997146196
choice1116566001074088137156196239
for138056600107247198
postoperative1504566001075099132161208258303330371398417458501
pain2031566001075091110158
control2215566001074086135162189236255
in2496566001071967
shoulder2589566001073381129177196246290316
arthroscopy.42558000107406696143169215247287332381420431
However,8725800010756103166209248291316327
its121558000107194680
association1310580001074173105153193211250276295341389
with1715580001076482109157
a18875800010740
high1943580001074865113160
incidence2119580001071865105123171214261300342
of2476580001074871
diaphragmatic25625800010749671061542022272683164255940010774114142160201
paralysis646594001075092118160178218252271303
makes9705940010774114152195229
it1220594001071847
of1287594001074872
limited1379594001072038111130158200251
value1650594001074182101149193
for186359400107247198
patients1982594001074991118137181229256291
with2293594001076584112161
pre‑existing2474594001075077120149195234254286315334382431
respiratory425608001072769103152172198240267313340383
disease828608001074968100144185218262
[6].11106080010926709512036080010716
The565622001074394140
known732622001073990140207257
mechanism10176220010775121164213255305324358433
of1478622001074974
phrenic15806220010750101128172222241283
nerve1891622001074994122167212
palsy2131622001075093113147189
after234862200107426699143170
ISB2546622001071961107
is2680622001072053
due2761622001075099144
to425636001072875
direct52763600107506995139181212
local765636001072069110152172
anesthetic964636001074190134169198247292320339380
spread.1371636001073484111155195246262
However,16606360010757106172216257301328340
there2027636001072877122149192
are2246636001074168112
other2384636001074977126170197
theories2608636001072877122172199219263297
explaining425650001074483133153194212260279327376
the818650001072876120
incidence956650001071866107125175219267307350
of1323650001074872
phrenic1412650001075098125168216234275
nerve1704650001074892119163206
palsy1927650001075091110143184
as2128650001074174
nerve2220650001074892118162206
compression2443650001074086161210237280314347365413462
by425664001075090
local542664001072069111153172
anesthetic741664001074291136170200249294322342383
volume,1151664001074189109157232277292
paracervical1470664001075093120162204247274319339380422441
hematoma,1938664001074994169210238286361402419
local2384664001071968110152172
ischemic258366400107195294142187262281322
changes,425678001074088129177226270304320
and/or765678001074189138171215242
direct102667800107496894137178209
nerve1254678001074993119163207
injury148067800107196786133159202
[7–10].170267800109267311415519822219236780010716
Great565692001075683126166193
efforts78269200107446895143170201236
have1042692001074889128172
been1238692001074994139187
made14496920010774115164208
to1681692001072875
decrease1780692001074993134161204244277321
the2125692001072876121
incidence2270692001071966107126175219267308350
of2644692001074872
HDP,27406920010757115161165
such425706001073481122170
as621706001074175
low‑volume722706001071968133161202250270317391436
ISBs,1184706001071960104137153
but1363706001075098127
the1516706001072877121
occurrence1663706001074990129177203231274322363406
of2095706001074872
hemidiaphragmatic2194706001074892166185234253294343392419461510584625652671712
involvement425720001071967107155175216260334379427455
is906720001071952
still98572000107336382101120
high,1131720001074967117165181
ranging1339720001072668117167186234284
from1649720001072452100174
34%1850720001074489155
to2031720001072875
62.5%2133720001074486102147212
[11].237172000109266910712824997200010716
Therefore,2541720001074293137164207231279307350365
phrenic‑sparing425734001075098125168216234275298331381422449468516565
techniques1014734001072870112160208226275323367400
should1438734001073482130178197246
be1708734001075095
available1827734001074181122141159200250269313
to2164734001072875
provide2263734001074976123164183232276
adequate2563734001074190134184232273300342
analgesia425748001074087126145193235268286325
and765748001074087135
reduce916748001072667116162202243
the1174748001072875118
incidence1307748001071965105123170213260299341
of1663748001074770
hemidiaphragmatic1749748001074790162180228246285333380406446494566606632650689
paralysis2454748001074889114155173212245262294
[12].276374800109256710612928907480010715
Burckett‑St.565762001074695122163201245274306331371398415
Laurent1007762001074185133161205254282
et1316762001074473
al.141676200107426178
(2014)1521762001072468112153193215
introduced176476200107196895123171222271313356407
selective219976200107347999144186218237279323
STB2550762001074287135
as2712762001074176
an2815762001074191
alternative42577600107416088130157206246273292333377
to819776001072874
ISB911776001071959103
in1032776001071866
shoulder1116776001073381129178196246290316
surgery.1449776001073481107156200226269281
They1747776001074292136176
targeted194077600107286996144188216258308
the2266776001072776120
superior2403776001073481130175202221269296
trunk2716776001072855103151189
inferolaterally.30476200107196790134160207227267294337363405424443483495
Injection35676200107196886130171201220268317
was3910620010765106140
administered407562001074191164183231249282311354380423473
more4574620010774122149192
distally479262001074968100129171190208248
after50666200107416596139165
the525762001072876120
union540362001074896304776001071967115
of318476001074872
the327776001072876120
C6341876001075294
and353476001074088138
C5369376001075196
nerve381176001074892119163206
roots403876001072774123150185
and424476001074189138
before440476001074994118165192235
the466176001072776120
suprascapular480276001073481130157199232273314364412431471498
nerve532176001074893119163206
branches304790001075077119167208256300334
off.340890001074872100113
Therefore,354890001074292136163206230278305348363
avoiding393790001074181129148197216264314
phrenic427790001075099125169217236276
nerve458090001074892119163207
block481390001075070118160198
which5037900010765114133173222
consequently5285900010740871361692143047104001074894137183209227266
reduces3329104001072667116162201242275
the3619104001072774117
risk375110400107264576113
of3879104001074770
respiratory3964104001072668100148166192232258303329371
depression,4350104001074891139165207239271289335382397
particularly4762104001074990115145163202248266305331349388
in5165104001071965
patients5245104001074989116133176223248282
with3047118001076584112161
underlying3226118001074896145190216236276295343392
respiratory3637118001072770103152172198240267313340383
diseases,4039118001074968100145185218262296312
can4370118001074081129
improve4518118001071992142169216256299
the4836118001072876120
safety497511800107337599142170213
profile5206118001075077124148168187231
of5455118001074872
these3047132001072876120154198
patients3265132001075091118137181229256291
[4,357613200109266988
13].368313200109468711037911320010716
In3187146001071968
this327914600107287796130
trial,343314600107285575117136152
we36091460010765110
found3743146001072372121170220
that3987146001072877119147
STB4157146001074287134
was43151460010765107142
associated4481146001074075109158200220261289332383
with4888146001076585114164
a50751460010741
lower5140146001071968134179206
incidence53701460010719671091283047160001074994143184228
of3299160001074873
HDP33961600010757116162
than3583160001072777118167
interscalene377416000107196896139167202243286306350399445
nerve4243160001074893121165210
block.4477160001075070119161200219
This4720160001074293112146
can4890160001074083132
be5046160001075095
explained5166160001074384135156197217265310361
by3047174001075193
the3170174001072879126
occurrence3326174001074993134184213242288339382427
of3782174001075076
diaphragmatic3887174001075171114166218246290343420463492513556
paralysis4472174001075196124168189232268288323
which48251740010767118139181232
is5087174001071954
indirectly5171174001071970122142171216260293314356
proportional3047188001075078125176227254286306355404446466
to3537188001072876
the3637188001072877122
distance3784188001074968102132174223265308
from4116188001072453101176
the4316188001072877122
nerve4463188001074893120165209
roots.4697188001072674124152188206
Additionally,49271880010753102153172201221270319361381400441454
the5405188001072877122
analgesic3047202001074190131151201246281300341
efficacy341420200107446897117159201242286
of3726202001074772
both38242020010750100128177
blocks4027202001075070120162200238
was42912020010765107141
comparable4458202001074088163213256283325376397441
as4925202001074175
evidenced5026202001074485106156201250291335386
by5438202001074990
the3047216001072877121
intraoperative318721600107186795122164213264309337379407426468512
analgesic3717216001074190131151200245280299339
consumption4075216001074087136170218292342370390438488
and4581216001074189139
the4739216001072776121
first487821600107244471106136
analgesia5032216001074190131151201245280299339
call.5390216001074082102121137
However,30472300010757106172216258302329342
the3409230001072877122
duration3552230001074997124167195215263313
of3885230001074873
the3979230001072777122
STB4121230001074286134
was42752300010765108142
slightly443723000107345373123172199219260
longer4718230001071968117168213240
but4978230001075099128
statistically5127230001073363106134153187217237278320340359400
comparable3047244001074088163213256283325376396441
to3513244001072775
that3612244001072877119147
of3783244001074873
the3880244001072877122
interscalene402624400107196895139166201243285305350399444
block,4494244001075071120162201220
and4738244001074190140
there4902244001072877122150193
was51202440010765107141
no5285244001074998
difference540724400107496993304725800107236794138186227270
between3335258001075095123191235280329
the3682258001072776120
two3821258001072795143
blocks3982258001074970118160198235
regarding4235258001072670120161188237256304354
the4607258001072876121
duration4746258001074997124166193213261310
of5074258001074872
the5164258001072877121
motor53032580010773122150197225
block3047272001075070119161200
or3266272001074876
the3361272001072777122
onset3502272001074797131176205
of3726272001074772
the3817272001072877122
sensory3958272001073479128162211239283
block.4260272001074970119161200219
Patients4498272001074586114134178227255291
in4808272001071967
both48942720010750100128177
blocks5090272001075070120162200238
were53472720010765109136180
hemodynamically3047286001074893167216267308358399474493534576596615656
stable,3721286001073463105156176221236
and3975286001074190140
no4133286001074898
other4249286001074876125169197
complications4464286001074087162212233252293335363382431480514
were49962860010765109137180
detected5195286001074893122165207238281332
in3047300001071968
either313630000107446392141187214
group.3371300001074977125174224240
Kim3187314001074567141
et3348314001074473
al.344131400107416179
carried3540314001074083111140160206257
out3817314001074898127
their3964314001072878123144172
trial415631400107275677118139
with4315314001076585115165
1264500314001074483126
patients,4646314001075093122142187237265302319
and4985314001074191141
compared5147314001074088163214257285330381
STB3047328001074287136
with3209328001076586116166
ISB3402328001071961107
as3536328001074176
a36393280010741
sole3707328001073383105151
anesthetic3885328001074090136172202253299328349391
agent4303328001074092138188216
with4546328001076586116166
sedo‑analgesia.4739328001073379131181212255305347368419465500520562581
They5346328001074294140181
used3047342001074782127179
153245342001074483
ml3347342001077393
of3460342001074873
0.5%3553342001074461107172
bupivacaine.3745342001074999150170213255297340360409455471
The4236342001074293138
superior4394342001073382132179206227276305
trunk4719342001072755105154194
group4933342001074876124174225
exhibited5177342001074485135155205226256299351
a30473560010741
significantly3119356001073454106157178204226269313363393414457
lower3606356001071970138184213
incidence3849356001071970113134186232283326371
of4251356001074874
HDP43563560010757118166
than4553356001072879122173
did4756356001075071123
the4909356001072879126
interscalene506635600107196998143172209252296317364415461
group3047370001075079129181233
(4.8%331137000107256987136206
vs.354837000107417897
71.4)3676370001074589102149173
as3880370001074278
evidenced3989370001074488110162210261304350403
by4423370001075193
a45473700010742
non‑inferior46203700010749101153184206257283330359381432462
worst51133700010766117147184216
pain5360370001075095116167
score3047384001073477126155201
during32783840010750100128150200252
the3560384001072879126
recovery3716384001072773116165208254282328
period.4074384001075198127148199251270
This4374384001074295115150
finding455538400107244696148169219271
is4857384001071954
consistent4941384001074190141176197232263308359388
with5359384001076687118168
our3047398001074898126
own31963980010748115165
findings338539800107234595146166216267302
[11].371039800109267111013238433980010716
In3187412001071968
our3274412001074796124
study,3417412001073464113163204217
the3653412001072877122
incidence3795412001071867108128178223272314357
of4172412001074772
HDP42644120010756115161
in4444412001071968
the4531412001072877122
STB4672412001074286134
and4825412001074089140
ISB4984412001071960106
groups5109412001074876124173223258
was53864120010764107141
38.2%3047426001074388106152219
and3285426001074190140
76.5%,3444426001074485102148213231
respectively.3694426001072670105155201243274295337381401442455
There4169426001074192137165208
was43974260010764107141
a45574260010741
greater4617426001074876120161189233260
incidence4897426001071867109128178223272314357
of5274426001074772
HDP53664260010756115161
in3047440001071968
the3143440001072878124
STB3294440001074287136
group3457440001074977126176227
than3712440001072777120170
in3909440001071969
the4005440001072878124
STB4156440001074287136
group4319440001074977126176227
in4574440001071868
the4669440001072878124
Kim4821440001074567142
trial499044000107285778120141
(38.2%5158440001072468113131179247
vs.543244000107417695
4.8%).3047454001074359105172194208
This3274454001074191111144
can3437454001074082130
be3586454001074994
explained3699454001074383134154195215263308358
by4076454001074989
the4184454001072776120
use4323454001074781125
of4467454001074772
different455845400107486892121165192235284311
block4888454001074970118160198
techniques.5105454001072871112161209229278326371405423
In3047468001071969
this313846800107287899133
study,3294468001073364114165207221
we35374680010765110
deposited3670468001074995146197232252282327379
local4071468001071969112155176
anesthetics4270468001074191137172203253299328349391428
immediately4720468001071994170216268288330359403424466
after520946800107416699144172
the5404468001072777123
C53047482001075198
and3168482001074191142
C63333482001075296
roots3452482001072776126156192
united3667482001074898118148193244
together.3934482001072877129174204254300328343
However,43004820010756107173219261306334348
Kim4671482001074567142
and4836482001074191142
his5001482001074969103
colleagues5128482001074088110130176218269318364399
performed3047496001075096125153203231308354406
the3476496001072878124
block3623496001075071121164204
more38504960010774124153198
distally4071496001074969104135178199219261
in4355496001071969
the4447496001072878124
supraclavicular4594496001073482134162206248269311353374416466486529557
fossa.5174496001072473108144187205
In3187510001071969
agreement3278510001074092120165211287333383411
with3711510001076586116166
our3899510001074898126
results,4047510001072671106155176206242260
Kang4329510001074589139190
et4541510001074373
al.463651000107406179
reported4737510001072671122173202235279331
similar5090510001073353129149169212240
findings.5352510001072345951463047524001071969120155173
The3250524001074294140
incidence3420524001071969111132183229279321366
of3815524001074874
HDP39195240010757117165
in4114524001071968
the4212524001072878124
STB4366524001074288136
and4532524001074191142
ISB4704524001071962108
groups4842524001074977126176228263
was51355240010765109144
76.3%5309524001074486104151218
and3047538001074191142
97.5%,321753800107448796142208227
respectively,3472538001072671106157204247279300343388409451464
with3964538001076586116166
similar4158538001073353129149170212240
pain4426538001075093114163
scores4617538001073476125153198234
and4879538001074090142
analgesic5049538001074090133154205250286306348
requirements54255380010727713047552001074998119147192268314364393430
in3507552001071868
both36055520010750101130181
groups.3816552001074977126176227263282
The4128552001074193139
same4297552001073478153199
block4526552001075072122165205
technique4761552001072872115165215236286336382
was51735520010765108144
used5347552001074882129181
in3047566001071968
our3139566001074898126
study3288566001073465114166208
[14].351956600109267111414036595660010716
We31875800010773116
noticed3323580001074897126146187231282
that3625580001072776118147
the3791580001072877122
STB3933580001074186134
was40865800010765107142
associated4248580001074075109159201221262291335386
with4653580001076585115164
less483758000107186498133
diaphragmatic4990580001074868110160210238280331405447476496537
movement30475940010775128171218295343395425
involvement.3503594001071971113164187231277355403454484503
This4038594001074396117153
is4222594001072055
because4309594001075199144188239275323
the4663594001072981128
distance4823594001075071107139184235279325
between5179594001075199130202249297348
the3047608001072878124
C53195608001075198
and3317608001074191142
the3484608001072777123
phrenic36326080010749100128173223243285
nerve3941608001074894123169214
root4179608001072675126155
is4358608001071954
1.84436608001074457104
to4564608001072876
2.04665608001074361107
mm47916080010774149
in4964608001071969
adults5057608001074192141162192228
at5310608001074069
the5403608001072878124
cricoid304762200107406890132180201252
cartilage3327622001074184112145165186228279325
level,3681622001071965107152173190
and3900622001074191142
it4071622001071848
increases4148622001071968111139184226261307342
by4519622001075091
346396220010744
mm47026220010774149
for4880622001072373101
each5010622001074486128178
distance5217622001074969103134177227268310
of3047636001074872
131396360010744
cm31986360010740114
[4,333263600109266988
15].343963600109468711235506360010716
This3187650001074394114148
decreases3362650001075196139167211253287333368
the3758650001072878124
incidence3909650001072069111131182227277319363
of4300650001074974
local4402650001071969112155175
anesthetic4604650001074292138173203253298327347389
spread5021650001073485113157199250
to5299650001072877
the5403650001072979124
phrenic3047664001075098125168216234275
nerve3341664001074993119163206
with3567664001076584112161
superior3747664001073481130175202221269296
trunk4063664001072854103151189
block4271664001075070118159197
[6].44886640010926709545816640010716
The3187678001074292136
incidence3342678001071866107125175219267307350
of3711678001074771
hemidiaphragmatic3801678001074993166185234253293343391418459509582623650669709
paresis4529678001075091118161194212245
is4793678001071951
reduced4863678001072770120167208250300
when51826780010765114158206
the5407678001072876120
volume3047692001074087107154227271
of3334692001074871
local3422692001071966107148167
anesthetics3605692001074188132166194242286313332372406
is4028692001071851
reduced.4095692001072669119166206248297313
However,44256920010756104168211252294321332
a47736920010741
low4830692001071967131
volume4978692001074087107154227270
may52656920010773113152
be5433692001074994
associated3047706001074073105153193211250277318367
with3430706001076483110157
a36037060010740
high3659706001074866114161
incidence3835706001071966105123171214262301343
of4193706001074871
block4280706001074968115155192
failure448870600107236482100147172214
and4718706001074188136
poor4870706001074997145171
perioperative5057706001074993118137184233277303343370388428470
analgesic3047720001074189130149198242276294334
quality3402720001074896137156174202245
among36677200010741115163212261
less394972000107196396130
experienced4099720001074484134179205224268316357399449
anesthetists.4569720001074189133167196244288316335367396431448
Therefore,5037720001074292136163206229277304347361
we54197200010765108
used3047734001074779122171
153234734001074379
ml3328734001077391
of3435734001074770
0.25%3520734001074458103146209
bupivacaine3744734001074996145163203244283324341388431
for419173400107237096
both4302734001074997124171
blocks,4488734001074968115155192228243
which47477340010764111129168215
is4977734001071951
in5043734001071966
accordance5124734001074080118163189236276323362404
with3047748001076584112161
the3227748001072876120
reported3367748001072770119168195226269319
practices3706748001074976118158189208248290324
of4050748001074872
other4141748001074875124168194
centers4355748001074083131158200227261
[16–19].463674800109266911115920124226649007480010716
The3187762001074290133
duration3343762001074994119159185202248295
of3661762001074870
the3754762001072875117
STB3894762001074284129
was40467620010765105136
longer4205762001071966113161203228
than4456762001072875114160
that4639762001072874113139
of4801762001074870
the4894762001072875117
ISB5034762001071958101
in5157762001071966
our5245762001074895120
trial.538876200107275270109126140
However,30477760010756102164206244285309318
the3378776001072873115
STB3506776001074182126
is3645776001071949
clearly370677600107405798136160178215
visible393477600107405788104151168210
and4156776001074186133
easily4302776001074381112128145182
defined4497776001074890111129174216264
because4773776001075092131170215246288
it5073776001071944
is5130776001071949
surround-5192776001073377101126171217262309335